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European Parliament Countries Move Towards Recognising Palestinian Statehood
As conflict and suffering persist in Gaza and violence increases in the West Bank, the goal of the Palestinian people having their own state seems more distant than ever. Despite this, several European Parliament countries are moving forward with formally recognizing the existence of a Palestinian state, facing many obstacles.
Recently, Ireland, Spain, and Norway have taken steps that could influence other European countries like the UK, France, and Germany to support Palestinian self-determination. An Arab diplomat described this as extremely significant, showing European frustration with the Israeli government’s unwillingness to listen and putting pressure on the EU to follow suit.
However, Israeli officials argue that this recognition will only encourage Hamas and reward terrorism, reducing the chances of a negotiated peace. Currently, around 139 countries recognize a Palestinian state. On May 10, 143 out of 193 members of the UN General Assembly supported Palestine’s bid for full UN membership, a status only available to states. At present, Palestine has an enhanced observer status at the UN, meaning they have a seat but cannot vote in the assembly. They are also recognized by organizations like the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Some European countries, including Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria, recognized a Palestinian state in 1988. Others, like Sweden and Cyprus, have also done so. However, many Western nations, including the United States, argue that recognition should come as part of a long-term solution to the Middle East conflict, often referred to as the “two-state solution.” This solution envisions separate states for Israelis and Palestinians, each with its own borders.
Debate Over Timing and Implications
European countries and the US differ on the timing of recognizing a Palestinian state. Ireland, Spain, and Norway believe doing so now can kick-start a political process, aiming for a sustainable resolution by providing both sides with a political horizon. These countries are also responding to domestic pressures to show more support for Palestinians. Traditionally, many Western nations believed that Palestinian statehood should be a reward for a final peace agreement. However, some European leaders, including UK Foreign Secretary Lord Cameron, have recently shifted their stance, suggesting that early recognition could help drive momentum toward a political settlement.
In February, French President Emmanuel Macron stated that recognizing a Palestinian state is not taboo for France. This month, France supported Palestinian membership in the UN General Assembly vote. The US has discussed this issue with European allies but remains cautious, seeking a clearer understanding of the policy’s implications.
The key debate among Western countries is about the timing of recognising a Palestinian state: whether it should happen when formal peace talks begin, when Israel and Saudi Arabia normalise relations, if Israel fails to take certain actions, or when Palestinians make specific moves. They view the recognition of Palestinian statehood as a significant step that should lead to a diplomatic outcome.
Impact on Diplomatic Efforts and Domestic Pressures
One Western official described it as a big card that Western countries have to play, emphasizing that it should not be wasted. The recognition of a Palestinian state is largely symbolic unless it also addresses critical questions like defining borders, deciding on the capital’s location, and determining initial actions from both sides. These issues have been unresolved for decades.
Recently, more European countries have shown support for a Palestinian state. This move will be celebrated by supporters and criticized by opponents, but it is unlikely to change the harsh realities for Palestinians on the ground in the near future.
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